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Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are the viruses that cause 'human parainfluenza.' hPIVs are a group of four distinct serotypes of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the paramyxovirus family. These viruses are closely associated with both human and veterinary disease. They are approximately 150–250 nm in size and composed of negative sense RNA with a genome encompassing ~15,000 nucleotides. The viruses can be detected via cell culture, immunofluorescent microscopy, and PCR.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/respiratory/hpivfeat.htm )〕 hPIV remains the second main cause of hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age suffering from a respiratory illness (only respiratory syncytial virus causes more respiratory hospitalisations for this age group). ==Classification== The first hPIV was discovered in the late 1950s. The taxonomic division is broadly based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, forming four major serotypes. These include: *Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) (most common cause of croup) *Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) (causes croup and other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses) *Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) (associated with bronchiolitis and pneumonia) *Human parainfluenza virus type 4 (hPIV-4) (includes subtypes 4a and 4b) hPIV is closely related to a recently formed virus grouping, the 'megamyxoviruses' (Hendra and Nipah) and closely linked to the metapneumovirus. hPIV is divided within two genera: ''Respirovirus'' (hPIV-1 & hPIV-3) and the ''Rubulavirus'' (hPIV-2 & hPIV-4).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human parainfluenza viruses」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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